The Best Essay Has Quality

I’ve never once written an essay about a footnote I read in another essay. Or at any rate, I do not remember doing so. But the fourth footnote of Paul Graham’s latest essay is worth the exercise:

Sometimes this process begins before you start writing. Sometimes you’ve already figured out the first few things you want to say. Schoolchildren are often taught they should decide everything they want to say, and write this down as an outline before they start writing the essay itself. Maybe that’s a good way to get them started — or not, I don’t know — but it’s antithetical to the spirit of essay writing. The more detailed your outline, the less your ideas can benefit from the sort of discovery that essays are for.

https://paulgraham.com/best.html

My dad taught me to write essays this way, back when I was in the third standard. I used to make an outline of what I was going to write about, and then I used to write out the essay. Eventually, I got into the habit of writing out the outline and then the essay during my examinations as well, and for many years, that is how I wrote.

But not a single blogpost here on EFE has been written in that fashion, and for the last decade or so – maybe more – I’ve given up on the habit of first creating an outline.

These days, I sit and I start writing. I have no idea where the essay is going to go, or if it is going to go anywhere at all. The act of writing raises questions, ideas and related concepts in my head, and the essay takes itself there.

I’m not claiming that this produces good essays. Maybe it does, maybe it doesn’t. What it does do, for me, is it helps me think through whatever it is that I am writing about.

And I wish this happened rather more frequently, but every now and then, it also helps me figure out what I want to write about next. That is, the act of writing doesn’t just help me answer questions that arise as I write, but when I’m on a roll, it helps me generate new ones as well.

Ad that is why that footnote resonated ever so much. Because I agree today with the point that Paul Graham is making in the fourth footnote of his essay: creating an outline is antithetical to the spirit of essay writing. Not knowing where you’re going, and figuring it out as you go along is a good way to write an essay. Or to live life, for that matter.

This reminds me, as do so many things, of Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance:

In my mind now is an image of a huge, long railroad train, one of those 120-boxcar jobs that cross the prairies all the time with lumber and vegetables going east and with automobiles and other manufactured goods going west. I want to call this railroad train “knowledge” and subdivide it into two parts: Classic Knowledge and Romantic Knowledge.


Romantic Quality, in terms of this analogy, isn’t any “part” of the train. It’s the leading edge of the engine, a two-dimensional surface of no real significance unless you understand that the train isn’t a static entity at all. A train really isn’t a train if it can’t go anywhere. In the process of examining the train and subdividing it into parts we’ve inadvertently stopped it, so that it really isn’t a train we are examining. That’s why we get stuck. The real train of knowledge isn’t a static entity that can be stopped and subdivided. It’s always going somewhere. On a track called Quality. And that engine and all those 120 boxcars are never going anywhere except where the track of Quality takes them; and romantic Quality, the leading edge of the engine, takes them along that track.

Pirsig, Robert M.. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry Into Values (p. 254). HarperCollins. Kindle Edition.


You shouldn’t write to show others what you know. You should write to learn what you know, to learn what connections can be made between what you know, and to understand what you don’t know.

But the bottomline is this: you should be writing.

Please, write!

My kind of exam

Irwin Collier’s excellent, excellent blog had a post recently that I wish I could assign as homework to everybody studying economics today (myself included).

The post is about the semester end examination for a course called “Methods of Economic Investigation”. Said exmaination for said course took place exactly one hundred and twenty years ago (yup, not a typo). While the blog post contains a couple of other very interesting points, I want to focus on just the examination:

https://www.irwincollier.com/harvard-final-exam-for-graduate-economics-course-on-methods-carver-1902/

If you are a student of economics, no matter your level of specialization, no matter your major, and no matter your love for datasets, I’d strongly urge you to try and write a response to any one of these questions. Feel free to take your pick of the lot, feel free to take your time, and we’re civilized folks around here – of course you can make use of the internet while you write your essay. Take a month to write a single answer, if you like, and more, if you prefer. Speak to your professors, your batchmates, your mentors about your topic, read widely about the topic based on these conversations, and keep polishing your essay as you go along.

Better still, there is no need to submit it anywhere, nor is there a need to put it up for review. Treat it as a way to get better at the study of economics.

Best of all, ask yourself what other questions you can add to this list to make your study of economics even richer. A particularly fun way to get started might be to ask GPT3 to answer one of these questions, and treat its response as a starting point for your own essay. Maybe critique the AI’s suggestion? Or maybe build upon it? Reject it out of hand, perhaps, and explain why?

Here’s its response to the fourth question, for example:

An economic law is a general principle that describes the behavior of economic agents, such as individuals and firms, in response to certain economic conditions. Economic laws are similar to scientific laws in that they are based on empirical evidence and describe a regular pattern of behavior that is observed in the real world. However, unlike scientific laws, which are typically based on physical phenomena, economic laws are based on the behavior of human beings.
One of the key characteristics of an economic law is that it is universal. This means that it applies to all economic agents, regardless of their individual characteristics or circumstances. For example, the law of supply and demand is a universal economic law that applies to all markets. This law states that, all other things being equal, the price of a good or service will rise when demand for it increases and will fall when demand decreases. This is a regular pattern of behavior that is observed in all markets and is not influenced by the individual characteristics of buyers and sellers.
Another characteristic of an economic law is that it is based on economic principles. These principles are general theories or ideas that are used to explain economic behavior. For example, the principle of utility is the idea that people derive satisfaction or pleasure from the consumption of goods and services. This principle is used to explain why people make certain choices in the marketplace, such as why they are willing to pay more for a luxury item than a basic necessity.
In conclusion, an economic law is a universal principle that describes the behavior of economic agents in response to certain economic conditions. It is based on empirical evidence and economic principles, and is used to explain regular patterns of behavior in the economy.

https://chat.openai.com/chat (My very first AI citation, yay!)

Here are five questions you might want to think about after having read this “essay”:

  1. Is there a possibility that the behavior of economic agents can violate these general principles? If yes, under what circumstances, and why? If not, why not?
  2. How does your answer impact the first sentence in the second paragraph? What does it say about the world we live in, and what does it say about the assumptions we need to make about such economic laws?
  3. Is the law of demand truly universal? Can you think of exceptions? Are these exceptions fully explained within the domain of economics, or do we need to expand our field of study and enquiry? (Hint: if the only answer that pops into your head is “Giffen goods!”you need to read more widely outside of economics)
  4. If we have empirical evidence that a law is violated under certain conditions, does that mean the law is invalid? Should we update our beliefes about the power of the law, or should we ask about how realistic and practically replicable are the conditions under which the law was recorded as being violated?
  5. What is missing from this essay? What would you choose to include to make the essay better?

Have fun writing these answers out, and I do hope you will consider writing ’em!

A Reading List for the Weekend, via Twitter

Who is Paul Graham, you ask? Started Y Combinator, a company you should know about. But I know of him primarily because of his essays, and if you haven’t read them already, I suspect you’ll have a pretty good weekend. Start with this, appropriate in so many ways, and then go where your fancy takes you.